<p>Winter Quarters in Tensas Parish, Louisiana, United States, is a surviving example of an antebellum cotton plantation. It is located south of Newellton on Lake St. Joseph, an ox-bow lake, or former bend in the Mississippi River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main plantation house began as a hunting lodge in 1805 built by Job Routh, grandfather of Julia Augusta (Williams) Nutt, but was soon enlarged and became a residence. The plantation was so named because the residents lived elsewhere during most of the year but came south for the winter. Before the Vicksburg Campaign of 1863 during the American Civil War, there were fifteen plantations along Lake St. Joseph. However, Union troops destroyed all of them except Winter Quarters, where the soldiers were housed during the winter of 1863–1864. The plantation belonged to the wife of Haller Nutt, a planter who was pro-Union. As a result, General Ulysses S. Grant ensured the plantation would not be damaged.</p><br>
<p>Wade A. Netterville, brother of the plantation manager J. H. Netterville of Newellton, managed the store at Winter Quarters in the early years of the 20th century, employed in that capacity by the then plantation owner Dr. J. M. Gillespie. Netterville then ran the store at Panola Plantation prior to becoming the manager for two years of the Wyoming Plantation. He subsequently assumed the management of the 1,000-acre Panda Plantation near the parish seat of government in St. Joseph.</p><br>
<p>During the 1950s, the James and Bea Doyle family lived at Winter Quarters. Their daughter, Barbara Sue Doyle Hage (1949-2016), was the 1962 March of Dimes poster child and at the time of her death at the age of sixty-six the oldest known survivor of spina bifida. Barbara Hage graduated in 1969 from Newellton High School and worked for a quarter century for the Louisiana State University Extension Service in St. Joseph. She was also a church pianist and vocalist, seamstress, and gardener. She and her husband, David C. Hage, had a daughter and two grandsons.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, Winter Quarters was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and was previously open for public tours.</p><br>
<p>The site was critically damaged in a tornado on April 4, 2011. As of February 2022, the site remains closed indefinitely and the State of Louisiana currently has no plans or a set date for reopening the site for public use.</p><br>
<p>The former Saratoga Gas, Electric Light and Power Company Complex is located near the northern boundary of Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. It is a seven-acre  parcel with two brick buildings on it. In the 1880s it became the thriving resort city&#39;s first power station.</p><br>
<p>They are the only remnants of a gas-fired power plant begun in 1873 and remaining in operation for over half a century. One of the two buildings is a rare conical-roofed gasholder house from that era, one of only 13 left in the Northeast, and archaeological evidence shows evidence of a second one having been built nearby.</p><br>
<p>The gas production operations were taken offline in 1928, but the property continued to be used by electric utilities for most of the 20th century. In 1992 Niagara Mohawk decided it was surplus and stopped using it. In 2001 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The power plant site is an irregular trapezoid-shaped parcel between East Avenue on the east, Excelsior Avenue to the south and a divided section of US 9/NY 50 along its north. The land drops slightly from that road, and trees planted along that side screen the site from passing traffic. All around it is a chain link fence.</p><br>
<p>Within the fence the entire site is surfaced in loose gravel and devoid of trees. The two buildings are located in different sections of the parcel.</p><br>
<p>The gasholder house is at the northern corner, close to the junction of East Avenue and routes 9 and 50. It is a cylindrical brick building in common bond 70 ft in diameter with a conical slate roof. It has no foundation but the 18-inch–thick (46 cm) walls continue to depth of 23 ft below grade, where they are grounded in a clay stratus. There are also six exterior brick buttresses.</p><br>
<p>Its roof is supported by radial wood rafters with wood purlins and two transverse bow trusses. The floor is poured concrete. Windows, a vent and service exit were added later.</p><br>
<p>The substation building is located 200 ft to the south, close to that side and north of the only gate in the fence. It is a two-story rectangular brick building, 75 by, on an east-west axis with a cross-gabled roof. Its foundation is stone laid in a random ashlar pattern. Pilasters divide the walls into recessed panels (7 by 3), and a corbeled cornice marks the roofline. A large oculus is in the tympanum of each gable.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the south side is a taller arched entrance with service door and the remains of a hoist. It leads to an interior with an open interior, floored in poured concrete supported by steel beams. Two stone walls run along the inside, the beams resting on them. Brick buttresses shore up the steel I-beams that supported the hoist. V-trusses sheathed in tongue-and-groove pocket into the interior walls, producing the eaves.</p><br>
<p>The only interior partitition separates the easternmost bay. On that side of the building, outside, are modern transformers and other equipment. Though no longer in use, they are of relatively recent date and are not considered a contributing resource to the Register listing.</p><br>
<p>As a result of required studies done when the building and site were remediated, considerable archeological evidence has been found of other buildings in the site. The entire site is thus considered a contributing resource.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Saratoga Gas Light Company began providing service to the Village of Saratoga Springs in 1853. As the community grew after the American Civil War, its infrastructure needs did as well. The company needed to build a new gas works, and chose the current location due in part to concerns about locating such a facility near downtown.</p><br>
<p>The site had other advantages as well. It was close to the railroad line (now routes 9 and 50), had a nearby stream, Village Brook, which could provide sufficient water, and the deep clay layer would provide an impermeable seal below the gas holders. Because of the proximity of the brook, the site was lower than the rest of the city, and therefore it would be easier to distribute the gas as it naturally tends to rise in pipes. The new plant was started in 1873 and opened the next year.</p><br>
<p>At the original plant it had made gas by coking coal in a horizontal retort and then capturing and storing the gas that was released. The new plant encased a brick retort, purifying house and two gas holders within the cylindrical buildings. The thick walls helped prevent the gas from condensing in the cold winters, and the conical roof accommodated the gasholder, a telescoping series of cylinders that rose within guides as the volume of gas increased. Water in the bottom of the pit made the seal impermeable.</p><br>
<p>In 1886 the company, which had dropped the "Light" from its name, began using the carbureted water gas process to manufacture gas. This increased its production efficiency and volume, and required the addition of more buildings — a boiler house, oil and coal storage and more gasholders. The following year the company merged with the American Illuminating Company to become the Saratoga Gas, Electric Light and Power Company. A dynamo on the site provided electricity for the city&#39;s street lights.</p><br>
<p>In 1903 the electricity-generation facilities were further expanded. The substation, a steam boiler and 125 ft smokestack were added. Power generation continued for eight years, until 1911, when yet another merger created the Hudson River Water Power Company. It built a regional power distribution system to carry the power generated by its dams all over the southern Adirondack region. With the cheaper hydroelectric power available, and industrial customers willing to use it in large quantities, it was no longer economical to generate power in Saratoga Springs.</p><br>
<p>The original gasholder was removed from the first building in 1919. Coal gas production ceased entirely in 1928, and most of the original buildings were demolished in the years afterwards. The substation building remained in use, and the successor utilities also used the area as a storage and maintenance yard until Niagara Mohawk decided it was no longer needed even for those purposes. The utility still owns the land and buildings, and keeps them fenced off.</p><br>
<p>The property underwent environmental cleanup ordered in 1995. The gasholder was originally slated for demolition but was eventually moved intact to its present location at the northwest corner of the site.</p><br>
<p>Genesee Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Geneva in Ontario County, New York. The district contains 16 contributing properties including 14 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing object. The focal point is Genesee Park, an informally landscaped village green. The district includes a remarkably intact collection of mid- to late-19th century civic, domestic, and religious properties. There are two notable churches: the massive St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church , designed by Richard Upjohn, and the former North Presbyterian Church , both examples of the Gothic Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>South Main Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Geneva in Ontario County, New York. The district contains 142 contributing properties including 140 contributing buildings, as well as Pultney Park and the original quadrangle of the Hobart College campus. Over half of the structures date from 1825 to 1850.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Oliver Warner Farmstead is a historic farm complex and national historic district located in the towns of Hopewell and Phelps near Clifton Springs in Ontario County, New York. The 203 acre district contains three contributing buildings. The buildings are a cobblestone farmhouse built about 1840 in the late Federal / early Greek Revival style, a 19th-century barn, and 19th century wagon house / machine shed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Adsit Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Mendon in Monroe County, New York. It is a Federal style cobblestone farmhouse built about 1832. It served as an inn during the mid-19th century and was a popular stopover for farmers delivering grain on the road from Canandaigua to Rochester. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of only 10 surviving cobblestone buildings in Mendon.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Gates-Livermore Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Mendon in Monroe County, New York. It is a Federal style cobblestone farmhouse built about 1833. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of only 10 surviving cobblestone buildings in Mendon. Also on the property are an extensive collection of agricultural support structures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Stewart Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Mendon in Monroe County, New York. It is a vernacular Greek Revival style cobblestone farmhouse built about 1835. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of only 10 surviving cobblestone buildings in Mendon. The house features a Colonial Revival style portico added in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Mendon Cobblestone Academy is a historic school located at Mendon in Monroe County, New York. It is a Federal style cobblestone structure built about 1835. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of only 10 surviving cobblestone buildings in Mendon. The building was used as a school for about a century. It was acquired in 1950 by the Mendon Fire Department and remodelled for use as a firehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>William Covert Cobblestone Farmhouse, also known as the Covert-Brodie-Pollok House, is a historic home located at Greece, New York. It is a Greek Revival style cobblestone farmhouse built about 1832. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of four surviving cobblestone buildings in Greece. The property includes a contributing cobblestone well with pump.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Hanka Homestead now known as the Hanka Homestead Finnish Museum is a group of eight buildings on a 40 acre homestead. It is located 3 mi west of USA Highway 41, off Tower Road, near Pelkie, Michigan, in the United States. The homestead was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>The Hanka Homestead was occupied by members of the Hanka family, Finnish immigrants, from 1896 until 1966. The farm was originally homesteaded at a time of mass immigration from Finland to the United States, as well as a migration from the mining locations in the Upper Peninsula to more rural locations. It is significant because it represents an agricultural way of life in the late 19th century, and the transfer of a northern European Finnish folk-architectural tradition to the American frontier.</p><br>
<p>The farm has been restored to its appearance in the 1920s and is open to visitors. The farm is staffed from Memorial Day through Labor Day on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays from noon to 4pm; at other times self-guided tours are available.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Hanka farm covers 40 acre and included 11 buildings in the 1920s as well a related landscape features. The buildings are constructed of hewn logs, built by members of the Hanka family. The buildings included a farmhouse, hay barn, and sauna, all from c. 1896, and well as a woodshed, outhouse, horse barn (c. 1914), root cellar (c. 1902), indrive—no longer remains (c. 1902), blacksmith shop, cattle barn (1910), and milkhouse. The farmhouse includes a later addition from before 1915.</p><br>
<p>Tinker Cobblestone Farmstead, also known as the Tinker Homestead and Farm Museum, is a historic home located at Henrietta in Monroe County, New York. It is a Federal style cobblestone farmhouse built between 1828 and 1830. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of 13 surviving cobblestone buildings in Henrietta.</p><br>
<p>Connecticut residents James and Rebecca Tinker arrived in Henrietta in 1812 with their six children (two more would be born later). Initially, they lived in log cabins that had been previously built on the site, but had their own home built starting in 1828, using the cobblestones they collected as they cleared the fields. Like many cobblestone structures in New York, it was constructed by masons whose work on the Erie Canal had recently ended and who needed work. Construction took two years.</p><br>
<p>The farm surrounding the home started small but at one point expanded to more than 200 acres. Five generations of the Tinkers&#39; descendants lived in the home, until 1991. (Even after donating the home, the residents continued to live in a wooden addition in the rear of the main house until 2010.)</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the home and surrounding 68 acre were transferred to the Town of Henrietta. Much of the surrounding land is now the Tinker Nature Park, maintained by the town, with hiking trails and a nature center. The house now serves as a museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. Among the architectural features are twin parlors and a spiral staircase.</p><br>
<p>Chase Cobblestone Farmhouse, also known as the Chase-Flack Farmhouse, is a historic home located at the Village of Hilton in Monroe County, New York, United States. It is a vernacular Greek Revival style cobblestone farmhouse built about 1836. It is constructed of rather small sized field cobbles and is one of ten surviving cobblestone buildings in the Town of Parma.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Isaac Cox Cobblestone Farmstead, also known as the Letson Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located in the town of Wheatland near Scottsville in Monroe County, New York. The complex includes a Federal style cobblestone farmhouse built about 1838. It is constructed of small to medium-sized field cobbles and is one of seven surviving cobblestone buildings in the town of Wheatland. Also on the expansive property are a pair of Wells truss barns, 19th century combination corn crib / pig sty, and small 19th century smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Ebenezer Watts House is a historic home located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It was built between 1825 and 1827 and remodelled in the 1850s. It is a two-story brick structure with a hipped roof and cupola in the Italianate style. It features a Federal style entrance and interior. It is the oldest surviving residence in downtown Rochester.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Hervey Ely House, also known as the Daughters of the American Revolution Chapter House, is a historic home located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York.</p><br>
<p>It was built about 1837 in the Greek Revival style. It is a 2½ story brick structure covered in stucco.</p><br>
<p>It is located within the boundaries of the Third Ward Historic District. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Third Ward Historic District Rochester, New York</h3><br>
<p>The Hervey Ely House is located on Troupe Street in the Third Ward Historic District of Rochester, New York. The house immensely impacted the architecture emerging around it, with Greek Revival styles becoming prevalent and popular during the early 19th Century period.</p><br>
<p>The Third Ward was formerly called the “Ruffled Shirt Ward”, and is currently referred to as “Corn Hill”. Housing issues arose from Rochester’s founding in 1817 because the city grew at exponential rates. Many workers arrived in Rochester in a rush, leading to housing shortages. The city temporarily combatted the shortages through building houses outward from the center of the city. The Third Ward became a thriving social site due to wealthy house owners hosting parties and galas, and the emergence of clubs. In addition, The Female Charitable Society was founded in 1820, becoming a social gathering and service opportunity for the women in the Ward. Many private schools were established because education was highly valued, as well.</p><br>
<p>A major section of the influx of workers were non-native to the United States and unable to speak English, many being Eastern Jews, Italians, Greeks, and Ukrainians. Householders in Rochester were unwilling to rent to those with other languages and ethnic backgrounds and rent prices increased due to the rise in population, beginning the appearance of slum-like settlements where non-native citizens resided in warehouses in the Seventh Ward. To confront the housing problem, the Third Ward Renewal Plan and public housing projects were introduced in the early 1900’s. Small cottages and houses were assembled and put at moderate prices and old architecture was preserved. However, this plan pushed out African American families who resided in their homes and it led to riots breaking out in the Third and Seventh Wards even after the plans were completed.</p><br>
<h3>Hervey Ely</h3><br>
<p>Hervey Ely was the owner of many renowned gristmills, most notably the Red Mills, and original owner of the Hervey Ely House. He was 22 years old when he moved to Rochester in 1813 and started a sawmill on the Genesee River. After success with the sawmill, he transitioned into flour milling, erecting mills across the Erie Canal. He utilized the canal as an artery for grain and flour shipments and became the first to ship grain through the canal in 1828. The mills accumulated a great wealth for Ely and he and his wife, Caroline, bought a custom mansion in 1837 by the architect, Hugh Hastings. The house was renowned for its Greek Revival style, located by Livingston Park in Monroe County, New York.</p><br>
<p>In 1842, flour prices dropped, sending Ely on the verge of bankruptcy. He sold his house, which was then occupied by Reverend Henry John Whithouse. Following Whitehouse, William Kidd, Azariah Boody, and Howard Osgood inhabited the mansion until it was acquired by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1920. It has since stayed in their care.</p><br>
<h3>Hugh Hastings</h3><br>
<p>Hugh Hastings, or S. P. Hastings, was the architect for the Hervey Ely House and the Jonathan Child house in the Third Ward Historic District. Hastings was known for his Greek Revival architecture. Construction for the Hervey Ely House ended in 1837 and he began construction on a project for Jonathan Child, the first mayor of Rochester and son-in-law to Colonel Nathaniel Rochester. The Jonathan Child House was completed between 1837 and 1838 with a similar Greek Revival style to the Hervey Ely House.</p><br>
<h3>Daughters of the American Revolution</h3><br>
<p>The Hervey Ely House was adopted by the organization the Daughters of the American Revolution. The DAR is a woman led association that was created in the 1890s with the intention of promoting “national census” and citizenship. Among their conservative views of preserving the state of their country, the organization also focused on the preservation of historical artifacts. That is the purpose of the Hervey Ely House, a museum and a safe home to important documents and influential objects. One example of such an object is a drum from a sixteen-year-old drummer who worked on Washington’s Life Guard for about four years.</p><br>
<p>The Daughters of the American Revolution have had many important figures enrolled in their society, such as Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, Julia Ward Howe, Harriet Taylor Upton, etc. This is a woman created and woman directed establishment that still operates today.</p><br>
<p>Founded in the 1890s and many years later, the organization was under suspicion for controversial topics. The group was thought of supporting anti-immigration policies and being discriminative towards minority groups. At the birth of the group, many of the members were white women. Another controversy surrounding the Daughters of the American Revolution was that they supported white supremacy. This was based on the fact of the artifacts they collected within their museums. Like many things, the organization evolved with the times and the integration of people of color into white establishments. The Daughters of the American Revolution have a more diverse look today, with many members being women of minority groups. In 1977, the first Black member, Michelle Wherry, was accepted in the society and has since then grown the organization to the accepting group it is today.</p><br>
<p>The Daughters of the American Revolution are still working today to preserve the history of the United States through the maintenance and sustaining of important pieces of the past.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture Style</h2><br>
<p>The Hervey Ely House is constructed in the Greek Revival Style. This type of architecture was popular in the early 19th century, primarily in the Northeast, more specifically, New York. This famous style is modeled after many of the popular Greek buildings like the Parthenon, Odeon of Herodes Atticus, and temples like Apollo, Artemis, Hera, Hephaestus, etc. It is also considered America’s first architectural style because it was popular during the early birth of the United States of America and the growth of citizenship. Some famous buildings that also utilize this notorious style are most early 1800s state capitals and governmental buildings.</p><br>
<p>This style has a very recognizable and discernible feature which is its large columns, pediments, porticoes, and wide friezes. Columns could be separated into many subsets, such as Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite. All of these types have unmistakable characteristics. Pediments are constructed triangular shaped features that are placed at the front of the structure. It allows for the Greek style to be easily identified. Porticos are large platforms that are constructed at the beginning of the building that usually consist of stairs leading to the entryway. Lastly, wide friezes are the final touches on the beautiful construction. Architecture is like an awe-inspiring piece of art. It takes many years and lots of creative minds to construct perfectly. The Greek Revival Style may not possess all of these qualities, it is however modeled after these characteristics. For example, the Hervey Ely House accommodates the Doric style columns.</p><br>
<p>The design came to be with architects like Benjamin Henry Latrobe, William Strickland, and Hervey Ely House’s very own Hugh Hastings. Hervey Ely House was designed with twelve foot ceilings, 6,597 square feet of open space, circular shaped staircase, marble fireplaces, and many more elegant characteristics. Without these artists, The United States would not have those amazing historical buildings such as the USA Capitol and the Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>With the influx of immigration and citizenship, more buildings were being constructed, so the architectural design evolved with the times. Although the Greek Revival Style is not utilized as much now as it was in the past, it will always hold a special place in the historical remembrance of early America.</p><br>
<h2>Impact</h2><br>
<p>The Hervey Ely House has been a sufficient part of American and New York history since its construction in 1837. From the beginning, with the architectural style of the Greek Revival by Hugh Hastings, the building has stood as an American dream. First intended to be just a large mansion, the house was then adopted and then altered to serve as a museum for historical artifacts and documents by the Daughters of the American Revolution association. This alteration still stands today and has not been changed since 1920.</p><br>
<p>The Hervey Ely House is still open and available for tours. The Daughters of the American Revolution still own the house and many other properties around the famous location, and they allow tourists and historians to view and partake in the enriched history located within Rochester, New York. Other locations within this tour are the Shaw House/Schoeniger Home, Immaculate Conception Church, Fenner House/Cornhill Bell Home, and many more significant sites.</p><br>
<p>What the Hervey Ely House and many other museums stand for is extremely important in future years and generations. The preservation of history and memory must continue in order for generations to come to be educated in the ways of the past. Also, with the increase of technology, the need for in-person museum visits is decreasing, but their importance will never cease. The ability to go and be immersed in the history of the United States and the individuals who allowed for our country to be what it is today will forever be sacred. The Hervey Ely House is one of many historic sites that allows for this experience and it is not only an establishment that stores artifacts of this United country, but the building itself is one of great memories.</p><br>
<p>Vanderbeck House, also known as the Daughters of the American Revolution Chapter House, is a historic home located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It is a three-story brick structure with a slate-covered mansard roof and a foundation of sandstone blocks. It was built in 1874 in the Second Empire style. In 1959, the single family home was converted to offices and apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Child House & Brewster–Burke House Historic District is a national historic district containing a set of two historic homes located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Child House, located at 37 S. Washington St. was constructed 1837-1838 by Jonathan Child (1785–1860), Rochesters first mayor and son-in-law of the citys founder Nathaniel Rochester. It features a monumental two story portico and is a fine example of the Greek Revival style. The building has seen a number of uses since Child sold it in the 1840s, including once as a boarding house called The Pillars. As of Fall 2012, the building is slated to open as Rochester Pillars, a special-events venue.</p><br>
<p>The Brewster-Burke House, located at 130 Spring St., is a fine example of the Italianate style. The house features a hipped roof with cupola and an entrance porch with carved Moorish Revival ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Timothy Wallace House is a historic home located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It was constructed about 1840 for farmer Timothy Wallace and is a typical example of a regional farmhouse. It is an intact representative example of vernacular Greek Revival style architecture in Western New York. The original structure featured a two-story main block with flanking wings that was added to and modified throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The house at 235–237 Reynolds Street is a historic home located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It was constructed between 1880 and 1885 as a multi-family dwelling and is an unusual example of High Victorian Gothic style residential architecture in Rochester&#39;s Eighth Ward. It is a modestly sized two-bay, two-story brick structure that features asymmetrical massing and verticality and elongation of architectural elements.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Liberty Colored High School is a former high school for African-American students in Liberty, South Carolina during the period of racial segregation. It originally was called Liberty Colored Junior High School. The building is now a community center known as the Rosewood Center. It is at East Main Street  and Rosewood Street in Liberty. The school was built in 1937 on the site of a Rosenwald school that had burned down.</p><br>
<p>Because of its role in the education of local African-American students, it was named to the National Register of Historic Places on April 18, 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first school for African-American students in the Liberty area began in 1899 at the New Hope Baptist Church. A year later, a wooden school was built next to the church. Around 1922, a three-teacher Rosenwald school was built on the site of the current building through funding from the parents, community, and matching funds from The Rosenwald Fund. This school burned in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The current building was built in 1937 on the same site with the assistance of the Works Progress Administration. Additional funds came from the State insurance fund and community contributions. It was named Liberty Colored Junior High School and had grades one through nine. In 1945, grades ten and eleven were added and its name was changed to Liberty Colored High School. Twelfth grade were added in the 1949. It was one of two high schools for African-American students in Pickens County. It served students in Liberty, Norris, Central, Clemson and the adjacent rural areas. In 1955, the two high schools were consolidated into Clearview Colored High School in Easley.</p><br>
<p>After the high school was moved, the school building was used as an elementary school for African-American students. It was named Rosewood Elementary School after its location on Rosewood Street. It had grades one through seven.</p><br>
<p>When the Pickens County schools were desegregated in 1970, the student body was gradually merged with Liberty Elementary School. Then it was renamed as the Rosewood Center and used by Pickens County Schools as a special education, adult, and teacher education center.</p><br>
<p>The building was sold to the City of Liberty in 2001. Although renovations on its interior began to use it as for municipal offices, the project was abandoned. In 2002, it was leased to Liberty Baptist Church for a youth activity center.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the building is used as a community center. It can be rented for parties, receptions, and other events.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The school is a one-story, brick building. It has a gabled, asphalt-shingled roof. A projecting wing has the primary entrance facing East Main Street. The entrance has three brick arches with cast key stones and imposts. There is a louvered vent above the center arch. There is a double door with fanlight transoms. There is a secondary entrance on Rosemont Street in a similar style.</p><br>
<p>The school had an auditorium, four classrooms, and offices. The auditorium stage also served as the lunchroom. Originally, the basement had separate restrooms for the boys and the girls. In the 1950s, the stairway to the basement was closed, and the corridor was converted to new restrooms.</p><br>
<p>Adams-Ryan House is a historic inn located at Adams Basin in the town of Ogden in Monroe County, New York. It was constructed about 1825 and is a rare surviving example of an inn that operated along the towpath of the Erie Canal. The original structure reflects a vernacular Federal style. Later alterations added vernacular Greek Revival style details. Throughout the 19th century there were several additions to the original structure and in 1912 it underwent further alterations and remodeling. It ceased operating as an inn in 1916 and was virtually abandoned between 1939 and 1972. Also on the property are a contributing barn and privy. It is now operated as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Antoinette Louisa Brown Blackwell Childhood Home is a historic home located at Henrietta in Monroe County, New York. It is a vernacular Federal style masonry residence constructed of random fieldstone with brick infill. It was built in 1830 as a -story side-gable-and-wing design and later modified and expanded. It is notable as the childhood residence of women&#39;s rights advocate Antoinette Brown Blackwell , who was the first woman to be ordained as a minister in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Stone–Tolan House is a historic home located at Brighton in Monroe County, New York. The 2-story frame house has a 1-story frame wing that is believed to have been built in 1792. It is a vernacular Federal-style structure and served as a frontier tavern, public meeting place, and pioneer homestead. The Landmark Society of Western New York acquired the property in 1956 to restore and preserve as a museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Wilbur House is a historic home located on Main Street in Fairport, Monroe County, New York. It is a Second Empire–style structure built around 1873 that features a two-bay, two-story tower that projects from the northeast corner of the -story front section. The tower, as well as the rest of the front section, is covered by a decorative fish-scale and octagonal slate mansard roof. Also on the property is a contributing carriage house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Hiram P. Wilbur was the superintendent (some say the first such) of the westernmost section of the Erie Canal, and also the postmaster for the town of Perinton. The home he built in 1873 later served as a boarding school before reverting to a private residence. The house is currently 3,792 ft&sup2; with five bedrooms. Many of the historic details have been retained, including speaking tubes for intra-house communication.</p><br>
<p>Horace and Grace Bush House, also known as Bush-Fellows Residence, is a historic home located at Penfield in Monroe County, New York. It is an 1821 Federal style structure with Greek Revival period additions and embellishments. The main block is a two-story, five bay post and beam structure sheathed in clapboard. It is regular and symmetrical in massing and plan. The house was moved to its current location in 1931.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Hipp–Kennedy House is a historic home located at Penfield in Monroe County, New York. The main body of the house was built in 1838 and is in the Greek Revival style. The frame building is composed of a two-story, three-bay main block with center entrance flanked by identical -story wings. The north wing of the residence is believed to incorporate the remnants of a log dwelling built about 1804.</p><br>
<p>It was designated as a Penfield landmark in 1982 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Mud House is a historic home located at Penfield in Monroe County, New York. It is a -story, 24 by rectangular earthen building with gable roof. It was constructed about 1836 of clay, puddled with straw, and then rammed into forms above a fieldstone foundation and is a rare surviving example of rammed-earth construction and was part of the Brown Brothers Nursery owned by Don Brown.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen Phelps House is a historic home located at Penfield in Monroe County, New York. It is a representative example of the vernacular Federal style of architecture from the settlement period. The residence, constructed between 1814 and 1817, is the earliest intact dwelling in the town of Penfield. The frame building consists of a two-story, five-bay, center entrance main block with smaller frame wings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Clemson College Sheep Barn  is a two-story barn built in 1915 on the Clemson University campus. It is the oldest surviving building associated with agriculture on this land-grant university. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on January 4, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Barnes Center began as the Clemson College Experimental Barn or ‘Sheep Barn.’ The barn is the oldest surviving and relatively intact structure associated with the original Clemson College Agricultural Department and was built in approximately 1904.</p><br>
<p>The barn was extremely significant from 1904 to 1940 when it was used for agricultural exploration and experimentation. During this time, livestock practices were changing in order to prevent diseases, improve hygiene, and to increase productivity. The barn was created in order to support these goals as an agricultural education facility that investigated scientific problems that directly affected the advancement of agriculture.</p><br>
<p>The barn began by researching the handling and care of cows, but became retrofitted to research sheep. As recently as 1935, the barn was used for hands on class instruction including determining wool quality and sheep judging. Some of the equipment remained intact within the structure until construction on The Barnes Center began. The barn was listed in The James Way Plan Book as a research participant. In 1940, the agricultural operations ceased and then the barn has been used for storage. On January 4, 1990, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its significance.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the Barnes Family gave a gift to Clemson University and the Sheep Barn became the Barnes Center. The Barnes Center is the social destination of campus where students can come make friends, relax, and attend late-night programming every Thursday, Friday, and Saturday night. The Barnes Center Grand Opening was February 18, 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The barn is a rectangular building about two stories tall on a brick foundation. It has a standing-seam metal, gabled roof. The roof has three square, vented cupolas with metal roofing and ball finials. The facade and about 15 ft of the side elevations are constructed of clay brick. This native clay brick was laid in English bond. The brick is similar to that used for the Trustee House, which is a contributing property to the Clemson University Historic District II, and the Campbell Museum of Natural History, which was originally called the Kinard Annex, on the Clemson campus. The facade has a wooden sliding door on a metal track. Above this door, there is a weatherboarded section with a window for the hayloft. The gable is weatherboard with a louvered lozenge, which appears as a decoration on several other Clemson agricultural buildings. The rear elevation&#39;s original door was replaced with a garage door.</p><br>
<p>Following a remodel starting in 2014, The Barnes Center now has space for dining, activities, and more. It now has white siding, refurbished floors and sliding door, and original brick. The building is also outfitted with modern amenities such as WiFi, televisions, and modern light fixtures. Additional information and construction timeline can be found on the Barnes Center website.</p><br>
<p>The Highland County Courthouse is located in Hillsboro, Ohio. The courthouse was placed on the National Register on August 24, 1978. This building has served as the courthouse of Highland County since its opening in 1834 and is the oldest courthouse in continuous use in Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Highland County was established in 1805 with special sessions of the courts meeting in New Market. Plans for a courthouse were accepted in 1807, with John Shields having the winning entry. The structure was built in Hillsboro, the new county seat, and was a two-story brick building with a rectangular footprint. Lack of room and foundation problems led the county to plan a replacement.</p><br>
<p>This replacement was submitted by Pleasant Arthur and was an example of Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The red brick structure was originally laid out in a long rectangular plan, but additions on either side were built in 1883. The front of the building has a central entrance with a transom and fanlight above the large wooden double doors. Windows to either side of the door are rectangular in shape and are located within a recessed arch. Above each window and the door are rectangular windows with a lantern hung above the entrance. Ionic columns line the facade and support a pediment. A drum rises from the pitched roof and supports a lantern with arched vents and capped by a small dome. A weathervane tops the tower.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Rich House is a historic home located at Penfield in Monroe County, New York. It was originally built in 1816 as a -story, gable-roofed frame dwelling in the rural vernacular building tradition. It was substantially enlarged in 1832 with the addition of an elegant 2-story, five-bay, Federal style, hipped roof, main block. Also on the property are three contributing structures: a chicken coop, brick smokehouse, and the stone foundation of a frame barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Harvey Whalen House is a historic home located in the town of Penfield in Monroe County, New York. The brick building, constructed in 1875, consists of a -story, three-bay, Victorian Gothic main block with attached Second Empire tower and 1-story brick addition. Also on the property are three contributing structures; two barns  and a shed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Harvey Whalen, a farmer and Penfield town Poormaster, left the house and surrounding Maple Hill Farm to his sons. Of the three sons (Howard, Charles, and H. Wilson Whalen), two went on to serve terms as Penfield town supervisor. Later owners included the Footer family and the Simonetti family.</p><br>
<p>Adolph Lomb House is a historic home located at Pittsford in Monroe County, New York. It is a large -story building with a gable roof oriented to the facade. It was built in 1907 of poured concrete faced in brick. It was built as the focal point of a large farm / summer estate for Adolph Lomb, eldest son of Henry Lomb , one of the co-founders of the Rochester-based optical company Bausch and Lomb.</p><br>
<p>The House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. Until recently, the building housed the headquarters of the Pittsford Central School District. After the renovation of Barker Road Middle School, most administrative offices moved to Barkers east wing. Today, the Lomb house contains offices of Sutherlands administration, as well as a few minor district-wide offices.</p><br>
<p>Adolph Lomb House rear.jpgRear view</p><br>
<p>Spring House is a historic inn located at Pittsford in Monroe County, New York. It is a - to -story brick building constructed into a hillside that, at the time, overlooked the Erie Canal.  The structure dates to 1832 and was built as a health spa located at Monroe Springs, a set of sulphur springs. It serves as a restaurant on busy Monroe Avenue.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Youngs House is a historic home located at Pittsford in Monroe County, New York, United States. It was originally built in 1818 as a -story frame dwelling. It was substantially enlarged in 1830 with the addition of a -story, Federal-style gable-roofed main block. The structure was moved to its present location in 1982; it was originally located 22 miles east on New York State Route 21 in the town of Marion, in Wayne County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The house was a prominent stop in the Underground Railway in the days of slavery. Escaped slaves came up from the South, some using the Erie Canal. Leaving the canal at Palmyra, they made their way north to Pultneyville, where they boarded boats for Canada. Many apparently stopped at the Youngs&#39;s house. Beside the fireplace in the back bedroom is what appears to be a small cupboard for storing wood. In reality however it is a considerable space, and for short periods at least, could be used to hide as many as eight or ten persons.</p><br>
<p>The builder was Thomas Youngs, who had moved into the area in the 1790s from New Jersey. He had married Phebe Durfee, a member of a prominent family from Tiverton, Rhode Island, just east of Newport, near the Massachusetts border. It is said that the family made the move in 1791 as a group of 31, including freed slaves. They settled in and around Palmyra. Youngs and members of the Durfee family bought land in Marion.</p><br>
<p>Youngs apparently prospered first as a farmer, and then apparently built a mill, and finally began to serve as a banker in the area. In 1818 he built what is now the south wing of the house. It was a story-and-a-half cottage. In 1830 he had prospered sufficiently to build the main portion of the house, which was a substantial home for the era and surprisingly urban. The south wing was used for many years only for storage, but was converted early in the 20th century into an apartment. A fire in this wing in about 1960 resulted in many changes in the wing&#39;s interior. The chimney and mantel in the south end of the large room are probably much as they were originally, with a cooking fireplace in the basement.</p><br>
<p>Except for the kitchen, which was probably Youngs&#39;s business office, the main portion of the house is unchanged. A portion of the east wing was probably a summer kitchen.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>David McVean House, also known as the McVean-Jones-Reeves House, is a historic home located at Scottsville in Monroe County, New York. It is a brick vernacular Federal-style house on a pargeted cut-stone foundation. The five-by-three-bay main block is two stories in height, while the rear wing is one and one-half stories.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Hiram Sibley Homestead is a historic home located in the town of Mendon in Monroe County, New York. More specifically, the homestead is in the hamlet of Sibleyville, named in honor of Hiram Sibley.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The wood frame Federal-style house was built about 1827 and consists of five sections. The original house includes the -story rectangular main section and the attached 2-story north and west wings. In 1928, the structure was moved from the roadside to a nearby bank of the Honeoye Creek.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Images of Hiram Sibley home in Rochester, NY</p><br>
<p>William C. Jayne House is a historic home located at Webster in Monroe County, New York. The principal building is a large -story house that combines simple Queen Anne style massing and Colonial Revival style decorative features. It was built in 1917–1918, and incorporates high quality construction materials including narrow Roman brick, cast stone, stucco and wood detailing, and ceramic roof tiles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>George G. Mason House is a historic home located at Webster in Monroe County, New York. The building was constructed in 1910 and is a large -story house that combines simple Queen Anne style massing and Colonial Revival style decorative features. The first floor is built of brick and above the house is sheathed in shingles. Prominent exterior features include the use of bay windows, a projected stair landing on the south elevation, and paired Corinthian porch columns supported on engaged piers in the balustrade.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Curtis-Crumb Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Hilton in Monroe County, New York. The farmhouse was constructed in about 1845 and is a modest example of the rural Greek Revival style. The property also includes a carriage house, a hog pen, a smoke house, a corn crib, a 270 ft stone wall, a cedar split-rail fence, and the remaining 141 acre of the original 145 acre farm.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Hildreth-Lord-Hawley Farm, also known as Pittsford Farms, is a historic home and farm complex located at Pittsford in Monroe County, New York. The -story, five-by-three-bay farmhouse was constructed in about 1814 and remodeled in the 1860s in the Italianate style. The property also includes a contributing dairy, creamery / ice house, tenant house, smoke house, blacksmith shop, and wagon shed. Contributing objects include a stone retaining wall with cast-iron fence, stone fireplace, fountain, and cast iron statuary.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Hildreth-Lord-Hawley Farm wrought iron fence.jpgIron fence and stone retaining wall</p><br>
<p>Hildreth-Lord-Hawley Farm statuary.jpgCast iron statuary in the farmhouse yard</p><br>
<p>The Chassell School Complex consists of two structures, originally built as school buildings, located at 42373 and 42365 North Hancock Street in Chassell, Michigan, United States. The building at 42373 North Hancock currently houses the Chassell Heritage Center. The two buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Chassell High School, located at 42365 N. Hancock, was built in 1912, and was designed by Charles and Frederick Maass. The school is a two-story frame structure measuring 58 by 46 feet, with clapboard siding on the first floor and shingling on the second. It has a hipped roof with a cupola. The two classrooms on the second floor were separated by a rolling partition to allow the rooms to be combined into a larger hall. The structure was used as a school until 1992.</p><br>
<p>The nearby Southwell Elementary School at 42373 N. Hancock was built in 1917. Due to its similarity in design to the high school, it was likely also designed by the Maass brothers; however, there is no documentation to support this. The structure was named after Mr. and Mrs. Southwell, parents of Mrs. C.H. Worcester, who donated the land the school sits on. It was used as a school until 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Chassell Heritage Center</h2><br>
<p>Since 1993,</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church, incorporated as the Congregational Society of Brockport, is a historic Presbyterian church located at Brockport in Monroe County, New York. It is a Greek Revival–style edifice built in 1852. The main block of the building is four bays long and three bays wide , constructed of red brick on a sandstone foundation. It features a three-stage tower with an octagonal drum from which the spire rises. The main worship space has a meeting house plan with a three sided upper gallery supported by fluted Doric columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It is located in the Park Avenue and State Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church of Mumford is a historic Presbyterian church located at Mumford in Monroe County, New York. It was designed by architect Andrew Jackson Warner and is a High Victorian Gothic–style edifice built in 1883 of rare bog limestone . The main block of the building is five bays long and three bays wide , with a freestanding 70-foot tower with spire at the northwest corner.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It is a Gothic Revival–style edifice designed in 1871 by Rochester architect Andrew Jackson Warner. It is built of Albion sandstone and trimmed with white Medina sandstone. It features a single stone bell tower and spire at the northeast corner beside the main entrance. It was the third home for Rochester&#39;s oldest congregation. It is now home to the Central Church of Christ.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Brick Presbyterian Church Complex, now known as Downtown United Presbyterian Church, is a historic Presbyterian church complex located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. The complex includes the Brick Church and Church School , attached Brick Church Institute building , and Taylor Chapel . The Brick Church and Church School was designed in 1860 as an Early Romanesque Revival–style edifice by Rochester architect Andrew Jackson Warner . His son, J. Foster Warner , modified the church structure to the Lombard Romanesque form in 1903.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Arvin Federal Government Camp, also known as the Weedpatch Camp or Sunset Labor Camp, was built by the Farm Security Administration south of Bakersfield, California, in 1936 to house migrant workers during the Great Depression. The National Register of Historic Places placed several of its historic buildings on the registry on January 22, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>The Federal Migrant Labor Camp Program</h2><br>
<p>Arvin was one of many camps that were set up under the Federal Migrant Labor Camp Program. Under the New Deal thousands of camps for displaced farm workers had been created. The New Deal migrant camp program shifted its approach after a three year survey was completed in 1934. The survey was conducted by the California Division of Immigration and Housing and it reported in regards to the existing camps "No provision is made for sanitation, water supply, or even general camp cleanliness". Photographers such as Dorothea Lange documented the suffering and mistreatment that was occurring at the camps and so the government decided to build two "demonstration camps". One of those was built in Kern County in 1935 and was called the Arvin Federal Government Camp. The camp at Arvin "became the prototype for the entire migrant labor program." Originally the Arvin Federal Government Camp was managed by the Resettlement Administration. But in 1937 the Farm Security Administration replaced the Resettlement Administration which made it in charge of the camp in Arvin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Dust Bowl</h3><br>
<p>The history of the Arvin Federal Government Camp begins with the migration of people displaced by the events of the Dust Bowl in the mid-1930s. A combination of droughts and high intensity dust storms forced many farmers in areas such as Oklahoma to vacate and find a new beginning. In the summer of 1934 the date July 24th marked the 36th consecutive day in which temperatures reached over 100 degrees in Oklahoma. The excess heat dried up rivers and fields and the crops that managed to survive were devoured by hordes of grasshoppers. That same year violent winds occurred all over the plains and intensified in 1935 resulting in a series of catastrophic dust storms that were felt as far as New York. With no habitable areas to call home, many were forced to migrate, largely to California where they moved from farm to farm as itinerant laborers. They were joined by other migrant workers from Texas and Arkansas.</p><br>
<h3>"Okies" and the arrival of migrants to California</h3><br>
<p>The camp is significant in the history of California for the migration of people escaping the Dust Bowl. During the 1930s around 400,000 people without jobs migrated from their homes to find a better life in California. These migrants were known by the derogatory term of Okie and were the subject of discrimination from the local population. "In February 1936, Police Chief James Davis dispatched an “expeditionary force” of 150 police officers to points along the border with orders to enforce a bum blockade." Locals in California took advantage of the influx of Okies that could be used for agricultural labor but did not hesitate to mistreat them. One migrant child who spoke to John Steinbeck put it like this, "When they need us they call us migrants, and when weve picked their crop were bums and we got to get out".</p><br>
<h3>Administration</h3><br>
<p>The idea for a labor camp in Kern County was proposed by Lowry Nelson who had been working for in the Rural Rehabilitation Division. The project to create and oversee the camp was going to be conducted by the Rural Rehabilitation Division but all of their projects were absorbed by the Resettlement Administration. After the camp was built in 1935 most employees were from the Resettlement Administration. The first administrator of the camp was Tom Collins who set in place an assortment of regulations such as "10 cent daily rental fee for each campsite". This regulation was prompted in part by a push from the Resettlement Administration. Other regulations included a prohibition on liquor and drugs as well as a rule to act peacefully.</p><br>
<h3>Town</h3><br>
<p>Arvin Federal Government Camp was located on the outskirts of the small towns of Arvin and Weedpatch. The camp now is located in an unincorporated area of Kern County just south of Bakersfield. The camp originally consisted of canvas tents on plywood platforms for the residents as well as some permanent buildings. Before the community building was built in 1939 events were held on a covered stage that included a piano pit. The camp had a community hall and post office. The camp had a library with a paid librarian that worked for the Works Progress Administration. There was also a community barbershop. Later, the residents&#39; tents were replaced by permanent wood frame shacks. The children also had access to a playground that was located within the camp.</p><br>
<h3>Living conditions</h3><br>
<p>Because of the inconsistency in farm work for the migrants, many of whom were unable to secure housing, they were forced into a life of homelessness. Many would live on the side of the road or in ditch banks and others would build homes from the materials available, such as packing crates. These homes were coined "Migratory Jungles". Having a home in a labor camp while a step up from the "Migratory Jungles" still came with its own set of problems. Starvation, unsanitary living conditions, and a lack of access to affordable medical services were issues that plagued residents at the Arvin Federal Government Camp. "Outbreaks of smallpox, tuberculosis, malaria, and pneumonia were common in the camps." Migrant advocate Dr. Myrnie Gifford revealed in a 1937 Kern County Public Health Department annual report that 25% of the migrants in Arvin Federal Labor Camp tested positive for a disease associated with agricultural dust exposure called "valley fever."</p><br>
<h3>Community</h3><br>
<p>The mistreatment that Okies faced from outsiders forced them to come together and create a community within the confines of the Arvin Federal Government Camp. When community sings were established the turnout within the community was so large that you could not let in visitors. The camp also hosted community dances every weekend which were more popular than the community sings resulting at times in over 500 plus people showing up. One visitor who stopped by for a fourth of July celebration remarked "At times there would be six or eight squares dancing at once" The camp at Arvin lacked a gas station so in 1939, 60 members of the camp each donated a dollar to have one built. The Works Progress Administration paid employees to be present at Arvin offering classes in sewing and quilting which became filled every afternoon. Even when no events were happening the people who lived at the Arvin Federal Government Camp would come together to listen to music or play cards.</p><br>
<h3>Modern use</h3><br>
<p>While the labor camp gained popularity during the New Deal it continued to be used. A popular site The Living New Deal has a forum in place that allows previous residents at Arvin to discuss their experiences. A prior resident remarks "I lived in the camp for 14 years, 1977 – 1991, and I remember all my friends and the sunset school. We went walking every day. Wonder years!" The camp, while no longer what it once was during the 40s and 50s, continued to serve the community and still exists today. There are three buildings remaining from the camp that make up this National Register of Historic Places property: the community hall, the post office, and the library. The latter two buildings were moved next to the community hall to form the beginnings of a historic park on the property. In 2007, the exteriors of the library and post office buildings were renovated.</p><br>
<h2>Books inspired by the camp</h2><br>
<p>The plight of the Okies and a description of Weedpatch Camp were chronicled by novelist John Steinbeck in his book The Grapes of Wrath.The book is dedicated to camp administrator Collins who was the model for the character called Jim Rawley. The book was instantly successful and sold over 430,000 copies in a year.</p><br>
<p>Emmanuel Presbyterian Church, also known as Trinity Emmanuel Presbyterian Church, is a historic Presbyterian church located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It is an Arts and Crafts / American Craftsman style building constructed in 1914–1915. The main, original two story block of the building is cruciform in plan with slightly longer arms at the north and south ends.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Emmanuel Presbyterian Church Rochester NY detail.jpgChurch cornerstone</p><br>
<p>The Emery LDS Church is significant as the oldest remaining religious building in Emery County and as the last remaining “New England” clapboard style meetinghouse of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints  in Utah. Structurally, the meetinghouse is significant because of its wood-frame construction sheathed in clapboard and lined with non-load bearing wall of adobe. This construction technique was very unusual for a Mormon meetinghouse built at the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The first settlers built a post office and at the time a log one-room school house (16’ x 18’) was constructed. The structure, with its dirt floor and backless plank benches, also served as a meetinghouse and amusement hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1898, work began on the construct of the Emery meetinghouse. The frame meetinghouse was built of local lumber with the dimensions being 36.5’ and 84’6". The meetinghouse was reported to have a capacity of 500 people.</p><br>
<p>The frame construction was typical of many of the buildings in Emery County. However, it was seldom used in LDS meetinghouses. Ironically, a more expensive brick meetinghouse constructed in 1896 at nearby Huntington, Utah was torn down in the 1960s. Some people argued that the alkali soil of Emery County could not support the heavier brick structure and, therefore, the lighter frame meetinghouse in Emery did not suffer from a weakened foundation as did the Huntington meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>The meetinghouse in Emery, Utah was constructed under the direction of Bishop Alonzo Brinkerhoff. The construction was completed in 1900. Upon completion in 1900, services were however held in the chapel. However, because an apparent problem in paying the $7,000 construction cost, the meetinghouse was not dedicated until July 27, 1902. At the dedication services, Bishop Brinkerhoff reported that “it had cost $7,000 to build the house, and that it was paid for.” Elder Rudger Clawson, an Apostle in the LDS Church, offered the dedicatory prayer and later in the meeting went on to praise all those, “…who had assisted in building such a splendid meeting house, and the blessing of God would rest upon the people and crown their labors.”</p><br>
<p>The handsome frame church served the members of Emery well until the post World War II years, when the LDS Church shifted to exclusively build and use multipurpose meetinghouses. Accordingly, a new, modern meetinghouse was dedicated June 25, 1956. The old building was purchased by the city in 1967 for use as a town meeting and recreation hall.</p><br>
